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A 65 year old male with DKA with community acquired pneumonia and pre renal AKI

Hi, I am Soumyadeep Biswas a medical student . This is an E-Log, that depicts the patient centered approach for learning medicine .This E-Log has been created after taking consent from the patient and their relatives. The links that were used by me for understanding the available data on the particular disease have been mentioned below in each post . Hope you learn valuable information after giving it a good read !


A 65 year old male was brought to casualty with


CHIEF COMPLAINTS

Fever since 4 days

Breathlessness since 1 day

HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS 

Patient was apparently asymptomatic 10 days back when he developed cold and cough with expectoration which is greenish and mucoid no aggravating or relieving factors. Now the expectoration has decreased. 

Then developed fever 4 days back which is insidious in onset gradually progressive high grade, continuous and not associated with chills and rigor for which they took medication from a RMP but again appeared.

Patient complained of increased urine passage since last 7days at night (4-5times)

Complaints of decreased appetite since 4days

H/o nausea since 4 days but no vomiting 

Patients complaints of dehydration since 4days

Complaints of shortness of breath since four days which was initially grade 2 which now progressed to grade 4 since last night.

No H/o decreased urine out put, pedal edema, loose stools

DAILY ROUTINE 

He is a shopkeeper by occupation according to the attender his daily routine is as follows 

6 am: takes a cup of tea with sugar 

6:30 am: he opens his shop

If he takes a breakfast it's b/w 7-7:30 am

9 am: takes a cup of tea with sugar

11 am: bathes and goes to his shop again

12:30 pm: he eats his lunch 

4:30-5:30pm: he again consumes rice

6:00 pm: takes a cup of tea w sugar 

7:30 pm: takes his dinner which consist of rice 

9 pm: he sleeps

PAST HISTORY 

N/K/C/O DM, HTN, TB, Epilepsy, CVA, CAD

Complaints of pain in bilateral knee joints for which he takes NSAIDS when pain increases.

H/o Surgery for right tibial fracture 5 years back


PERSONAL HISTORY

Diet : Vegetarian

Appetite : Normal before 3 days


Sleep: adequate

Bowel and bladder : Normal

Addictions : used to smoke but stopped 5 years back

FAMILY HISTORY

Not significant

GENERAL EXAMINATION

Patient conscious and coherent not co-operative

VITALS
 
Pulse : 98bpm

RR : 21 cpm 

BP : 90/60 mm Hg

Temp. : 99°F

SpO2 : 96%
 
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION

CVS : S1, S2 hear, no thrills and murmurs 

Respiratory system: On inspection:- normal shaped chest, trachea appears to be in centre, no scars and sinuses present,abdomino thoracic type of respiration, normal respiratory movements present

On palpation:- all inspectory findings are confirmed on palpation. 

On percussion:- right              left              

Infraclavicular       resonant            resonant


Mammary          dullnote.            resonant

                                                


Axillary.               resonant                  resonant 


Infraaxillary.       dullnote.                resonant


Suprascapular.       resonant.            resonant


Infrascapular.           dullnote        resonant


Upper, mid, lower.    resonant.      resonant


Interscapular

On auscultation:- normal vesicular breath sounds heard and decreased breath sounds in right inframammary,infra axillary,infrasacpular areas.


Dysnea, wheeze, rales and ronchi - absent

Abdomen: scaphoid shaped, soft and diffuse tenderness 

CNS 

Right Handed person.

HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS:

Conscious, oriented to time place and person.

speech : normal

Behavior : normal

Memory : Intact.

Intelligence : Normal

Lobar Functions : 

No hallucinations or delusions.

MOTOR EXAMINATION: 

                          Right Left



                        UL LL. UL LL



   BULK Normal Normal Normal Normal



   TONE Normal Normal Normal Normal

   POWER 4/5, 4/5 4/5 , 4/5

SUPERFICIAL REFLEXES:

                                  R. L

   CORNEAL present present       



   CONJUNCTIVAL present present



   ABDOMINAL present



   DEEP TENDON REFLEXES:

                                          R L



   BICEPS 2+ 2+



   TRICEPS 2+ 2+



   SUPINATOR 2+ 2+



   KNEE. 2+. 2+

 

   ANKLE 2+. 2+

 

SPINOTHALAMIC SENSATION:

Crude touch

pain

temperature

DORSAL COLUMN SENSATION:

Fine touch

Vibration

Proprioception

CORTICAL SENSATION:

Two point discrimination

Tactile localisation.

steregnosis

graphasthesia.

INVESTIGATION




PROVISION DIAGNOSIS 

? Diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to respiratory disease

TREATMENT

2/12/2023

1) NBM until further orders

2) IV Fluids NS @ 100ml/hr

3) Inj. PIPTAZ 2.5gm IV/TID

4) Inj. LINEZOLID 600mg IV/BD

5) Tab. AZITHROMYCIN 500mg OD

6) Tab. FLUCONAZOLE 150 mg OD

7) Inj. HOMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN infusion @ 6units/hr

8) Inj. PCM 18g IV/SOS ( if temp. >= 101°F)

9) Inj. LASIX 20mg IV/BD ( if SPB >= 110)

10) IV Fluids - FRUSIDEX @ 50ml/hr

11) Tab. ATORUAS 40mg OD

12) Tab. CLOPITAB - A75/75 OD

13) Inj. PAN 40mg IV/OD

14) GRBS moniter hourly
 
15) Moniter BP, PR, RR, SPO2 Hourly


8:40 PM

1) Stop insulin infusion

2) Inj. HAI 6U in 500ml DNS over 5hrs

3) Inj. KCL 20mEq in 500 NS over 5hrs

Followed by 

4) Inj. KCL 20mEq in 500 NS over 5hrs

5) GRBS moniter hourly

3/12/2023

1) Inj. PIPTAZ 2.25gm IV/TID

2) Inj. LINEZOLID 600mg IV/BD

3) Tab. AZITHROMYCIN 500mg OD

4) Tab. FLUCONAZOLE 150 mg OD

5) Inj. PAN 40mg IV/OD

6) Inj. PCM 1g IV/SOS ( if temp. >= 101°F)

7) Inj. LASIX 20mg IV/BD ( if SPB >= 110)

8) Inj. HOMAN ACTRAPID INSULIN infusion S/L TID according to GRBS

9) Tab. ATORUAS 40mg OD

10) Tab. CLOPITAB - A75/75 OD

11) GRBS moniter 2 hourly

12) Moniter BP, PR, RR, SPO2 2 Hourly

13) Nebulization with IPRAVENT 8th hourly and BUDECORT 12th hourly

14) Inj. KCL 20mEq in 500 NS over 5hrs

15) Tab. FENOFIBRATE 160mg OD

16) Tab. METOPROLOL 25mg OD

17) IV fluid DNS with 6u HAI + 20mEq KCl at 100ml/hr






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